Insights

The beginning of a new school year may not just be nerve-racking for your child – it can also be nerve-racking for you and your co-parent. Here are some tips for co-parents to help you adjust:

• Talk to your co-parent (whether in person, on the phone, or via email) regarding everyday arrangements that must be accounted for. Having a plan for transportation, extra-curricular activities, tutoring and other school-year needs will guarantee a smoother transition for your child.
• Be straightforward about responsibilities toward your child. Remember that exchanging sports equipment and uniforms, ensuring your child has appropriate clothing for school, providing appropriate lunches, purchasing school supplies, etc. should be the responsibility of both parents. 
• Coordinate School Work. Making sure your child completes their homework and is ready to learn the next day is your responsibility when your child resides at your home. The same goes for your co-parent. Coordinating with your co-parent regarding schoolwork can also help your child succeed in school. Let your co-parent know about important due dates and if your child did not complete something before it is time to switch between homes.

Nobody plans their married life assuming the marriage will end.  Nobody opens a joint checking account with their spouse with the intention of eventually divvying it up the termination of their marriage.  Indeed, quite the opposite is true.  Most people make life choices about their careers, lifestyles, and even retirement savings, based on the idea that their marriage is a given foundational part of daily lives.

It comes as quite a seismic shock then when we as divorce attorneys eventually tell our clients about the possible financial realities of post-divorce life.  Many clients find it difficult to make even temporary financial plans for themselves without their spouse in the picture.  The prospect of long-term financial planning for a post-divorce future seems even more foreign and impossible.

However, long-term financial planning for a post-divorce life is an essential aspect of our work with any client going through this inevitably life-changing transition.  It is important that our divorcing clients have the tools necessary to make educated choices, not just for their immediate lifestyle, but for a practical, long-term financial picture that works for their actual lives.  The tips below are essential to consider when planning for post-divorce future:

1. Get your ducks in a row. It is important to gather as much documentation as possible regarding your financial circumstances, both now and in the past. This will help you form a lifestyle analysis to determine how much financial cushion you might have available to you in the future. Scan copies of your tax returns, supporting tax documentation, bank and brokerage statements, retirement statements, insurance documents, mortgage statements, and credit card information. Make an organized and detailed file of your financial essentials and gather anything you can related to the financial aspects of your life. Crucially, make a list of your online banking and/or financial accounts and relevant login information.
2. Regardless of your current employment situation, determine how you plan to make a living in the future. Moving from a one- or two-income household to two separate households involving the same financial circumstances can be very difficult. Think about whether your current employment circumstances need to change and what steps you might need to take to ensure your own independent financial future. If a new career or employment situation is in your future, consider your employability and what other financial costs you might incur to possibly continue your education, obtain necessary credentials, or look for a new job.
3. Identify sources of savings. Divorce and the “start-up” costs of post-divorce life can quickly mount. Think about whether you have available savings to drawn upon should you need it. If you do not have available sources of funds, consider whether you have financial support available through family and/or appropriate lending. If you are going to need a new residence or to buy out your former spouse’s interest in your current residence, do your research regarding the loaning process and your qualifications for it.
4. Start to understand your asset structure. Start to educate yourself about what kind of assets you have versus what kind of assets you are lacking but might need. Many clients, particularly those who may have been homemakers during the marriage, may have foregone contributions to retirement savings, for example, in light of other family and lifestyle considerations in their marriage. These well-intentioned clients may find that they are entering a new phase of life with no retirement cushion to speak of. Others still may find their assets lack liquidity. It is important to identify what kind of assets exist so that you can address your short-term and long-term financial goals. It would be helpful to enlist the help of a qualified financial planning professional to speak about your needs and strategize a path forward. A financial planning professional, in conjunction with your family law attorney, can help you identify the types of financial holdings you might need in your post-divorce life.
5. Create a thorough and realistic budget (or three!). It’s often very difficult for clients to construct a budget of their reasonable monthly needs, let alone stick to it. All the more so when a family is dividing one household into two households. Nonetheless, a reasonable and practical budget is critical, not only for your divorce case, but your post-divorce life. Create two or three working budgets. The first should be an accurate depiction of your current marital family budget. This will help serve as an indication of your family finances and marital lifestyle. The second should be your post-separation budget showing what your reasonable needs are during the divorce process and based on your separated circumstances. Lastly, it is imperative to project your reasonable monthly expenses for your post-divorce life. Consider the fact that your healthcare costs may have still been covered by your ex-spouse’s employee health care plan during separation. However, following the divorce, more often than not, you will likely be responsible for your own health insurance coverage and therefore health insurance costs. Projecting your post-divorce budget will help identify unforeseen or hidden expenses that will impact your financial planning and stretch your post-divorce dollar.
6. Don’t forget about your taxes. In all aspects of your financial preparations, don’t forget to include taxes you will have as a single person. Remember that you might be in a different tax bracket following your divorce and will be responsible for federal, state, and local taxes.
7. Truly consider the viability of keeping your family home. Many divorcing clients (frankly, most clients) have a strong emotional attachment to their family home. This is quite understandable considering that this is where many of our important family events take place. It’s likely the place you hosted your first holiday celebration, brought your kids home from the hospital, and where many other important memories took place. However, expenses related to the family home are typically the single greatest expense on any client’s budget and the most significant use of their post-divorce dollars. Remember that your family home was likely funded through a dual-income household or by a one-income household where the other spouse contributed in non-monetary ways. These circumstances are going to necessarily change following your divorce. Keeping the family home for emotional reasons may be a bad idea for your financial future.
8. Mind your credit. Even before a divorce action is initiated, it is important to check your credit score and credit reports. In any aspect of your post-divorce life, you will likely need strong credit to ensure a financially sound post-divorce future. If your credit score is not ideal, now is the time to take measures to improve it and work with a financial professional to accomplish this goal. If you did not have credit of your own during your marriage, open a credit card in your own name so that you can ensure your qualifications based on your marital circumstances and ensure available credit for your post-divorce life.

Ask any family law attorney what clients want to know most and you’ll likely hear the same answer. Clients generally have two burning questions: 

“How long will this take?” and “How much will this cost?”

You’ve probably asked your attorney these questions at one point or another and received a decidedly equivocal answer. To both of these questions, the honest answer is almost always, “I don’t know, it depends.”

Though the question sounds simple enough, the factors your attorney must consider in trying to give you a time and cost analysis are quite complex. The reason it is difficult to estimate the cost of a family law case is because much of what happens is driven by factors outside of the control of the lawyer and a client.  

It is important to keep in mind that your family law matter may involve four, five, or even six individuals – you, your ex-spouse, your attorney, his/her attorney, and perhaps even expert witnesses. The efficiently and speed with which your particular matter can be resolved depends on all of those people working with efficiency and speed.

For example, obstinate spouses and difficult or unresponsive opposing counsel can delay resolution of even simple issues and drive up fees significantly. As frustrating as it may sometime feel, the case is only as efficient as its weakest link. 

In addition, no matter how proactive your attorney may be in filing motions and meeting deadlines, the unpredictable pace of the court system can be a headache for clients. We are all familiar with TV and movie legal dramas, such as Law and Order, where an entire case is neatly wrapped up in an hour. The perception is that access to the court system is easy and swift. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

Our court system can be sluggish and reactive, rather than proactive, due to the volume of cases brought to the court’s attention at all times. Court schedules are quickly filled, judges are often backed up on their caseloads, and procedural tasks must be accomplished before you are able to present your case to a judge. These issues can (and do!) take time and can drive up legal fees, as well. 

Further complicating predictability, issues often arise after your case has begun that may require additional work and attention. A matter that may have seemed straightforward at first blush can become more complex based on events unforeseen at the time of the divorce filing.

For example, a medical issue may arise with a child. You or your spouse may lose your job or get a new job. You or your spouse may begin a new romantic relationship.  Either of you may need to relocate. The twists and turns your life may need to take cannot be predicted by your attorney. Predicting the length and cost of your family law matter is so difficult for your attorney because your case is ever-evolving. 

So what can you do to keep your costs down and keep your case moving?

Get information to your attorney in a timely manner.
Your attorney will likely ask you for supporting documentation, a summary or explanation, and/or other needed information during the course of their representation of you. Ask your attorney when he or she would ideally need the requested information and provide it in a timely manner. Failing to do so may result in delays in your case and/or additional legal fees. 

Be a planner! 
Though emergencies do happen, they are few and far between. Most issues will not be deemed a true emergency in the eyes of the court. If you anticipate an issue arising in the future or may need to take a course of action in the near future, notify your attorney as soon as possible. He or she will need time to negotiate a resolution with the other side or get a hearing date

Be judicious with your communications.
We live in world of instant communication and access. While your attorney is there to address your legal needs, remember that legal fees associated with multiple communications to your attorney can add up. If you have questions, grouping several clear and concise questions in one e-mail can be more cost-effective than several emails regarding various topics throughout the day. 

Likewise, it is often hard for clients to recall exactly what his/her attorney explained regarding a legal concept or course of action during a phone call or meeting. If having something in writing would make it easier for you to thoughtfully consider an issue or response from your attorney, tell him or her so. Your attorney will be happy to send you a letter or email with his or her thoughts instead.

When we hear the words “prenuptial agreement” or “prenup,” most of us think of wealth, celebrities, or even unreasonable demands we’ve seen in the movies. Prenuptial Agreements have had the misfortune of being seen as unromantic, fatalist, and unseemly. However, a prenuptial agreement – or a contract entered into before marriage that outlines the rights and obligations of both spouses in the event of divorce – can prove to be useful for individuals in a variety of financial circumstances.

Many clients wonder, “Why do I need to know about a prenuptial agreement now that I’m going through a divorce?” The answer is simple: A prenuptial agreement can help you reduce conflict and save money in the future. 

You may be aware that Pennsylvania’s Divorce Code provides for a process, called equitable distribution, by which marital property is divided. In addition, our divorce and support laws provide for support remedies such as alimony pendente lite and alimony in the event of divorce. In the absence of a prenuptial agreement, these laws largely govern what happens to your finances in the event of divorce. Unsurprisingly, many of us are not too keen about how these laws are applied to our lives. A prenuptial agreement can help you predetermine how your financial circumstances will be resolved in the event of divorce.

A prenuptial agreement can assist you with:

• Financial Planning – A prenuptial agreement is a vehicle by which you and your future spouse can determine for yourselves what kind of property is and will remain separate, and what kind of property, if any, will be marital. It also permits the spouses to designate whether income earned during the marriage remains the separate property of the person who earned it, whether and to what extent retirement accounts may be marital, and who gets what in the event of divorce. By clearly establishing these understandings prior to the marriage, you may be able to better gauge what your financial picture may look like upon divorce.
• Estate Planning – A prenuptial agreement can be a critical estate planning tool, particularly if you have children from a previous relationship. Designating your spouse’s ability to inherit from your estate, and to what extent, can help you provide for your spouse, children from a previous relationship, and/or other family in your desired manner.
• Debt Allocation – In a divorce action, the court will distribute and divide marital debts in addition to marital property. Many clients are frustrated by the idea that they must assume a portion of marital debts that may have been incurred solely by the other spouse. A prenuptial agreement can be an effective way of shielding you from debts incurred by the other spouse during marriage.
• Support – Our support law provides for alimony during and after the pendency of a divorce, with factors and guidelines that often prescribe how income and support are calculated. A prenuptial agreement allows individuals the freedom to determine some of these support issues for themselves. However, it should be noted that issues of child support and child custody are not binding and are always modifiable.

For better or for worse, mental health and counseling are frequent topics of conversation in the offices of family law attorneys and in family law courtrooms. It comes as no surprise. As a family dissolves and possibly reconfigures in the process of divorce and/or custody, the stability of the all involved takes center stage.

For many clients, however, it can be difficult to tell the difference between various mental health terminology and services referenced in their case. Below is a guide to the types of mental health services and counseling you may encounter in your family law matter:  

• Marriage Counseling. Marriage counseling, sometimes also referred to as couples therapy, is a type of psychotherapy. Many clients attend marriage counseling prior to separating. Clients are often surprised to hear, however, that the Divorce Code permits the Court to order marriage counseling upon the request of either party (when the no-fault grounds for divorce, as well as the fault ground of indignities, is asserted). Marriage counseling is often provided by licensed therapists known as marriage and family therapists. These therapists have graduate or postgraduate degrees — and many choose to become credentialed by the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT).
• Anger Management Counseling/Treatment. In the context of custody litigation, litigants at times assert that their co-parent has anger management issues. An evaluation by a mental health professional is necessary to truly determine whether those claims are correct. If necessary, Anger Management counseling refers to the process by which a person learns how to identify stressors, take necessary steps to remain calm, and handle tense situations in a constructive, positive manner. The purpose of this type of individual counseling is to help a person learn how to control reactions and respond in a socially appropriate manner. 
• Co-parenting Counseling.  Co-parenting counseling is by far the most prevalent type of therapy considered and ordered by our family court judges. Communicating and working cooperatively with the other parent can be difficult, particularly in the stressful and oft-contentious process of a pending divorce. Co-parenting counseling allows parents an opportunity to talk about the best interests of their children in a neutral environment, voice concerns and/or issues and, when appropriate, to get input and advice from a professional who is experienced in working with children and families of divorce. Issues ranging from custody schedules to day-to-day parenting can be discussed. Co-parenting counseling may be short-term or long-term, as the litigants may agree or as may be ordered by the Court.
• Reunification Therapy/Counseling. Sometimes a child can lose contact with (or be resistant to such contact) a parent during the challenging and confusing process of separation and divorce. Reunification therapy is often sought to reunite an alienated parent with his or her child(ren). The primary goal of the therapy is to reestablish the relationship between the parent and child so that they can resume a healthy parent-child relationship. The process of reunification and the role of the reunification therapist can be complex and much depends on the source of the alienation. 

While not a form of counseling/therapy, many custody litigants will encounter the term “custody evaluation.” This assessment is conducted by a mental health professional and strives to analyze the 16 custody factors for the Court prior to a custody hearing. Mental health and psychological evaluations, as well as interviews with the parents and observations of the family dynamics, are utilized. The process is short term but may take several months to complete. It may be agreed-upon by the parties but must often be ordered by the court. 

Speak with your attorney if you believe any of the above forms of counseling can be helpful to your family.